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- VIDEO, Page 101A Zany Redheaded Everywoman
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- Lucille Ball: 1911-1989
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- By William A. Henry III
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- When her first TV series debuted on Oct. 15, 1951, there
- was no way to tell that Lucille Ball was beginning an
- apparently immortal love affair with the American public, and
- not much reason even to expect commercial success. Ball was a
- comely redhead with a semisultry voice and knockout legs, but
- she was also nearly 40 and a veteran of almost two decades in
- the supporting ranks of show business. She had been a movie
- actress but hardly a superstar; she had enjoyed moderate success
- in radio but had only fleeting experience in the new medium of
- video. She refused to move from the West Coast to New York City,
- where nearly all shows then originated, and she insisted on
- co-starring her husband, an obscure bandleader whose Cuban
- syntax was so conspicuous that his dressing room featured the
- sign ENGLISH BROKEN HERE.
-
- Nothing, in short, about her prior career hinted that she
- could be as deft and daring as Harold Lloyd, as rubber-faced as
- Bert Lahr, as touching as Chaplin -- and more ladylike than
- Milton Berle. Along with the other foremost icon of the '50s
- Golden Age of TV, Jackie Gleason, Ball was a larger-than-life
- talent uniquely suited to the small screen. Her signature
- series, I Love Lucy, and its successors endured more than two
- decades in prime time, from 1951 to 1974, one of the few
- immutables in a sea of social change. Lucy, seen in more than
- 80 countries and in perpetual reruns in the U.S., has a
- cumulative audience in the tens of billions.
-
- The daughter of a Jamestown, N.Y., electrician, Ball left
- home at 15 to study acting in New York City. Although she
- started as a model and chorus-line beauty, she never lost touch
- with the insecure, self-conscious adolescent inside her and
- seemed most at ease when playing a zany or a frump. Her great
- creation was the Lucy character, a Little Scamp who was forever
- conniving, forever failing, forever meriting punishment yet
- winning forgiveness. The thwarted schemer was a figure dating
- back to the Romans if not the Greeks, but Ball deftly
- sentimentalized the character, merged its cunning intellect with
- joyously low physical comedy and, perhaps most important,
- feminized it. Her shows -- I Love Lucy, The Lucille Ball and
- Desi Arnaz Show, The Lucy Show and Here's Lucy -- reflected the
- major post-World War II social trends, from the baby boom to the
- exodus to the suburbs to the democratization of travel.
-
- Their foremost concern was the yearning of one redheaded
- Everywoman to get out of the kitchen and into a job and then,
- once employed, to emerge from beneath the boss's thumb. She
- endured any indignity in search of her big chance. The greatest
- indignity of all, it generally turned out, was the chuckling
- condescension of her husband Ricky, played by her real-life
- husband and business partner Desi Arnaz. The confident king of
- the castle, he was always ready to teach Lucy a lesson. Looking
- back from an '80s perspective, some observers have suggested
- that Lucy was virtually an abused wife. In retrospect, Ball
- might have agreed. Certainly, she was bitter about the
- off-camera problems caused by Arnaz's drinking, philandering and
- intense workaholism.
-
- The Lucy character began as a saxophonist who bleated, a
- chanteuse who croaked, a hoofer who fell down. Even in the
- final season, when the Lucy character met her look-alike, the
- actress Lucille Ball, the script concluded that the "real" Lucy
- was the star-struck onlooker, not the star. Yet, after Ball
- divorced Arnaz in 1960, the Lucy character also evolved into a
- capable single mother, then an independent and modestly
- successful career woman. Off-camera, Ball was happily remarried
- in 1961 to a courtly, protective ex-comic, Gary Morton, and took
- a keen maternal interest in the acting careers of her daughter
- Lucie Arnaz and son Desi Arnaz Jr., both of whom got started on
- Here's Lucy.
-
- Despite the sophistication that underlay her slapstick and
- the respect she commanded as the first woman to head a studio,
- Desilu Productions, Ball said she saw herself as "not an idea
- girl but a doer." Like the silent comedians she studied (Buster
- Keaton, her onetime office mate at MGM, taught her how to handle
- props) and impersonated (her mirror-image confrontation with
- Harpo Marx and her Chaplin homage were priceless), Ball
- rehearsed every sequence obsessively. Yet when the cameras were
- rolling she made each gesture look spontaneous, each wisecrack
- seem an ad lib. Memorably, Lucy and her sidekick Ethel Mertz
- (Vivian Vance) took a job wrapping chocolates; as the candies
- hurtled past on a conveyor belt, the hapless duo tried to keep
- pace by stuffing half of them into their mouths. Seeking to
- emulate a pioneer woman, Lucy opened an oven to remove freshly
- baked bread -- and was pinned against the sink by a loaf 8 ft.
- long. At long last hired for a commercial, she grew increasingly
- malaprop attempting to pronounce Vitameatavegamin, the 46-proof
- tonic she was touting, and swigging, at each take.
-
- So familiar were her trademark facial expressions that
- after a while scriptwriters simply inserted code words for
- them. "Puddling up" meant that Lucy's eyes would fill with tears
- just before she emitted a banshee wail. "Light bulb" signaled
- the alarming expression that crossed her face when she had a
- brainstorm. "Credentials" indicated an open-mouthed gape, as if
- to say, "How dare you!"
-
- No performer can stay at the peak of popularity forever. In
- Here's Lucy's last season, ratings dropped abruptly. Although
- specials featuring Ball proved popular, an attempt at a sitcom
- comeback in 1986 was an artistic and commercial fiasco.
- Audiences were uncomfortable watching a senior citizen drop
- hammers, stub toes and otherwise attempt a pallid imitation of
- the pratfall past. But if the Lucy of her final years was
- limited to Oscar and Emmy appearances as a cherished memory, the
- eternal Lucy of the reruns remained imperishably funny and
- tender. At the news of her death last week, millions who felt
- they had known her all their lives were puddling up.
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